Estado de salud bucodental en niños con discapacidad intelectual

Resumen

espanolOBJETIVO: Conocer el estado de salud bucodental en ninos con discapacidad intelectual. MATERIALES Y METODOS Se seleccionaron 51 ninos y ninas que padecen de discapacidad intelectual no asociada a otros sindromes, de ambos generos y en edades comprendidas entre 5 y 14 anos. Se aplicaron los indices descritos por la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y la Encuesta Basica de Salud Bucodental. Se realizo una estadistica descriptiva a traves del paquete estadistico SPSS 15.0 para el analisis de resultados. RESULTADOS El mayor porcentaje de la poblacion no presenta alteraciones en el desarrollo del esmalte, ni fluorosis dentaria. El 86% presenta placa dental y un 6% calculo dental. La mayoria de la poblacion no presenta caries, solo en un pequeno porcentaje es observada y se incrementa en la denticion primaria (24% denticion permanente y 31.4% denticion temporal con un CPOD= 0.60 y Ceod= 0.70. En los dientes permanentes los tratamientos preventivos, sellantes de fosas y fisuras y tratamientos restauradores son los que mas requeridos (96%, 78.45% y 33.3%, respectivamente). En los dientes primarios 58.8% requieren tratamientos preventivos y 41.2% obturaciones. El mayor porcentaje de la poblacion presento alteraciones en la relacion molar semi-cuspide y de cuspide completa (41% y 11%, respectivamente). CONCLUSION El mayor porcentaje de la poblacion estudiada no presentan alteraciones en el desarrollo del esmalte, fluorosis, ni caries dental. Si presentaron elevados porcentajes de placa dental, un alto porcentaje de necesidades preventivas y restauradoras y alteraciones en la relacion molar. EnglishOBJETIVE To know the status of oral health in children with intellectual disability. MATERIALS AND Y METHODS It was considered a sample of 51 children suffering from intellectual disability which was not associated to other syndromes, they were both male and female with ages ranging between 5 and 14 years. Indexes described by the World Health Organizations (WHO) and the Basic Oral Survey were applied. Later, a descriptive statistics was performed. RESULTS The higher percentage of the population does not show either enamel development alterations or fluorosis. About 86% presented dental plaque and 6% presented dental calculus. Most of the population do not have caries, only in a short percentage of caries is shown and it increases for temporary teeth (24% permanent teeth and 31.4% temporary teeth) with a CPOD= 0.60 and Ceod= 0.70. In permanent teeth, preventive treatments, pit and fissure sealants and restorative treatments are the most required treatments (96%, 78.45% y 33.3%, respectively). In temporary teeth about 58.8% require preventive treatments and fillings for about 41.2%. The higher percentage of the participants showed alterations in the relationship molar semi-cuspid and complete cuspid (41% and 11%, respectively). CONCLUSION: The higher percentage of the participants does not present enamel development alterations, fluorosis or dental caries. There are high percentages of dental plaque, a high percentage of preventive and restorative needs and alterations in the molar relationship.