Economía necropolítica internacional ilícita y migración forzada: la explotación circular humana en las fronteras externalizadas de Estados Unidos

Resumen

This article presents the idea of Human Circular Exploitation (HCE) as an analytical tool that articulates the necropolitics and international illicit political economy frameworks to show how the bodies of migrants are absorbed into illegal economic circuits, turning them simultaneously into commodities and consumers. Migrants are repeatedly caught in criminal economies tied to drug trafficking, state corruption, and even the tourism industry, where their value gets recycled through ongoing cycles of trafficking, deportation, kidnapping, and forced reintegration into smuggling networks. Far from being disposable, migrant bodies are reused as mobile resources within a logic of accumulation sustained by visa, deportation, and immigration detention dynamics. The functioning of HCE is analyzed in the context of forced migration at the Mexico-Guatemala border in the Mexican state of Chiapas.