Desafíos psicosociales y educativos de adolescentes y jóvenes en familias transnacionales: migración y crianza

Resumen

This study assesses the psychosocial development of adolescents and young people living in transnational families in the municipalities of Estelí and Quilalí in Nicaragua. A qualitative cross-sectional approach was adopted, and a semi-structured interview and survey were administered to 24 participants. The testimonies and responses highlighted the centrality of communication in maintaining long-distance relationships, the reconfiguration of parental roles due to migration, and the presence of substitute caregivers. Emotional tensions associated with separation, expectations of reunification, and parenting practices mediated by remittances and ICTs were also identified. In the educational sphere, continuity and performance were conditioned by adult support and the household’s migration trajectory; frequent virtual contact, agreements on rules, and extended support networks stood out as coping strategies. It is concluded that migration transforms parenting and emotional bonds; strengthening long-distance parenting skills and school-based psychosocial support mechanisms can mitigate risks and enhance family resources.