Relación entre los factores de riesgo psicosociales laborales y la ausencia por razones de salud pro motivos laborales y no laborales en España

Resumen

Objective: The aim of the study was to analyse the association between psychosocial risk factors and health-related absenteeism, whether occupational in origin or not. Methods: The sample included 1,178 Spanish workers who participated in the Third European Survey on Working Conditions. All workers who reported being absent from work for at least one day during the previous year, due to a health-related reason, were classified as having a health-related absence. According to worker-reported attribution, the reasons for health-related absences were: occupational injuries, occupational illnesses (occupational diseases and work-related diseases), and nonwork-related diseases. Psychological demands and job control were the two psychosocial risk factors analysed. Results: Workers with high psychological demands were at greater risk of having a health-related absence attributable to occupational illness, and workers with low job control were more likely to have a health-related absence attributed to occupational injury. Results remained statistically significant after adjustment for other sociodemographic variables and work conditions. However, adjustment for economic activity or company size produced non-significant results. Conclusions: Psychosocial risk factors, high psychological demands and low job control, are differentially associated with different types of health-related absence attributable to working conditions. Recognition of these relationships could be a useful tool in the planning and development of preventive interventions within a company.