Yohualtetzauitl Amerika. Migración, masculinidad y adolescentes indígenas mexicanos

Resumen

espanolEl objetivo de este trabajo es presentar las experiencias migratorias de adolescentes indigenas mexicanos que fueron repatriados de Estados Unidos, y de forma paralela analizar las narrativas de masculinidad subyacentes en sus experiencias. A partir de entrevistas realizadas en un albergue para menores migrantes, situado en la frontera norte de Tamaulipas, al noreste de Mexico, se exploran los relatos de seis adolescentes procedentes de las etnias purepecha, mixteca, nahua y zapoteca, respectivamente. Con base en sus relatos, se identifi ca que en sus comunidades de origen prevalece una cosmologia y organizacion social moldeada por una estructura de genero, que su decision de emigrar estuvo matizada por presiones y deseos culturales, y, fi nalmente, que su viaje a la frontera se caracterizo por relaciones de poder establecidas con hombres y mujeres mestizas, tales como los coyotes y los migrantes en transito. Se concluye que los adolescentes migrantes en su trayecto vivieron una forma de vulnerabilidad etnica al interactuar con mestizos, pero tambien desplegaron formas sobre ser un hombre acorde a su cosmovision indigena particular. EnglishTh e aim of this paper is to present the migration experiences of Mexican indigenous teenagers who were repatriated from the United States, and, parallelly, to analyze the masculinity narratives underlying their experiences. With interviews carried out in a shelter for migrant children located on the northern border of Tamaulipas, at Mexico northeast, the stories of six teenagers from the Purepecha, Mixteca, Nahua and Zapoteca ethnicities are explored. Based on their stories it is possible to identify that in their home communities the prevailing cosmology and social organization are shaped by a gender structure, that their decision to emigrate was tempered by cultural pressures and desires, and, fi nally, that their trip to the border was marked by power relations established with mestizo men and women, such as coyotes and migrants in transit. Th e conclusion is that teenager migrants along their way have lived a form of ethnic vulnerability while interacting with mestizo people, but also they deployed ways of being a man according to their particular indigenous worldview.