Migración y seguridad fronteriza en México: intersección entre derechos humanos, política exterior y educación

Resumen

ABSTRACT The objective of this article was to analyze the evolution of socioeconomic and political conditions regarding migration and border security in Mexico during the period 2017–2025, considering three specific aspects: Human Rights (HR), foreign policy, and education. Progress, obstacles, and unresolved issues for the Mexican government and neighboring nations' authorities (especially the U.S.) were identified. The approach and methodology were mixed, using a documentary review to collect and contrast statistical data and significant events, as well as specialists' perspectives on changes in migration conditions and the impact of policies implemented by Mexico, the U.S., and some Central American nations. The analysis was conducted based on the selection of 28 articles, reports, analyses, and verified news pieces from 2017 to 2025. Regarding its limitations, the most relevant was data availability, as the countries involved often restrict access to evidence that could lead to political, economic, or security controversies. Among the findings, it was observed that migration conditions have become more complex since Donald Trump assumed the U.S. presidency in 2017, creating a climate of criminalization that has influenced the reduction of migratory flows, with more aggressive border security and the control of several routes by criminal organizations. Mexico has responded to these challenges through policies promoting regional development, as well as the reception and basic care of migrants, though these measures have proven insufficient.