The Lebanese immigrants in Ecuador : a history of emerging leadership

Resumen

List of Tables and Illustrations Preface and Acknowledgments Introduction * Lebanese Background The Place From the Ancients to the Ottomans The Ottoman Imarah The Mutasarrifiya World War I and Its Aftermath Migration from the Mountain to Beirut Business Traditions * Ecuadorean Background The Regions The Colonial Heritage Liberal Politics and Immigrant Lure Guayaquil in the Early Twentieth Century Latin American Foreign Merchants * Arrival of the First Patriarchs The First to Come Pioneer Patriarchs Culture and Interaction Maintaining a Valued Heritage * Visibility, Organization, and Leadership The Lebanese Organize Pioneering with Wealth and Economic Opportunity Lutfallah Kozhaya Abi-Hanna Membership and Visibility Pedro Saad: Labor Leader Joining Ecuador's Functional Elite Beyond the Store to Diversification The Professions Toward a Third Generation Historical Revisionism and Celebrating Sixty Years * The Lebanese in Twentieth-Century Quito Centro Cultural Arabe and Social Interchange Diversity After the 1960s * High Visibility and Imagery The Isaas Empire Prejudice Social and Cultural Contributions Pursuing the Image * Political Leadership: From Urban to National The Ecuadorean Political Agenda Political Participation Assertive Leaders Assad Bucaram Lebanese Support and the Elite Critique * Reaching for National Office The Advance into Political Office Populist Politics After Assad Building a Positive Image: The 1992 Elections Abdala Bucaram and Elsa Bucaram Ortiz Mixed Reactions Lebanese Descendants as Ecuador's Presidents Epilogue Appendix 1: Founding Members of Sociedad Unin Libanesa, 1921 Appendix 2: Andean Political Particip