Adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral como conducta promotora de salud en adultos mayores

Resumen

Introduction: Adherence to antiretroviral treatment is a behavior that favors the health of individuals living with the\nacquired immunodeficiency virus; to achieve such, we must bear in mind individual characteristics and experiences,\ncognitive and affective aspects, concepts established in the Health Promotion Model. Objective: to analyze adherence to the\nantiretroviral treatment in a group of elderly adults in a Chilean hospital, in consideration of the Health Promotion Model.\nMaterials and Methods: Cross-sectional and correlational study including 18 elderly adults in whom some concepts\nof the Health Promotion Model were analyzed. The work used an instrument that included the simplified questionnaire\nof adherence to treatment (sensitivity 72%, specificity of 87%). Results: Adherence to treatment was of 94.4%. The\nusers present cognitions and affects favorable for adherence, with the perception of self-efficacy of 89.9%. Association\nwas found between adherence and interrupting the intake of medications upon adverse effects and/or negative feelings\ntoward these (p = 0.001, Pearson of -0.714), in addition to this association with the general perception of barriers (p =\n0.021, Cramer’s V of -0.542). Discussion: Aspects, like perceived self-efficacy, low perception of barriers, and personal\nmotivations favored adherence to treatment. Conclusions: Elderly adults have achieved adherence to treatment due to the\nperception of benefits and scarcity of barriers to access such.