Gender, occupation and home structures of the Dominican and Ecuadorian migration in Spain and the United States Género, ocupación y estructuras del hogar de la migración dominicana y ecuatoriana en España y Estados Unidos

Resumen

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-family: SimonciniGaramond; color: #231f20; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: SimonciniGaramond; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">With data from census of the United States of America (</span><span style="font-family: SimonciniGaramond; color: #231f20; font-size: 6.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: SimonciniGaramond; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">US</span><span style="font-family: SimonciniGaramond; color: #231f20; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: SimonciniGaramond; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">) and Spain, this article compares the occupational and household structures of the Dominican and Ecuadorian population in both countries. The main purpose of this work is to investigate (</span><span style="font-family: SimonciniGaramond; color: #231f20; font-size: 6.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: SimonciniGaramond; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">I</span><span style="font-family: SimonciniGaramond; color: #231f20; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: SimonciniGaramond; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">) if the differences in the degree of feminization of the migratory flows towards both countries are related to the job market demand and (</span><span style="font-family: SimonciniGaramond; color: #231f20; font-size: 6.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: SimonciniGaramond; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">II</span><span style="font-family: SimonciniGaramond; color: #231f20; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: SimonciniGaramond; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">) if this has had implications in the household structures of these migrants. The results suggest that the job market characteristics of the country of destiny might be behind the gender composition of the migratory flows to Spain and the </span><span style="font-family: SimonciniGaramond; color: #231f20; font-size: 6.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: SimonciniGaramond; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">US</span><span style="font-family: SimonciniGaramond; color: #231f20; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: SimonciniGaramond; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">. In relation with the households, the female presence in complex households without a core is bigger in the collectives with more female presence. These differences are maintained when control variables are introduced, such as age, years of residence and the educational level of the migrants.</span></span> <br><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-family: SimonciniGaramond; color: #231f20; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: SimonciniGaramond; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Con datos censales de Estados Unidos de América y España, en este artículo se comparan las estructuras ocupacionales y de los hogares de la población dominicana y ecuatoriana en los dos países. La finalidad principal del trabajo es investigar (</span><span style="font-family: SimonciniGaramond; color: #231f20; font-size: 6.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: SimonciniGaramond; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">I</span><span style="font-family: SimonciniGaramond; color: #231f20; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: SimonciniGaramond; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">) si las diferencias en el grado de feminización de los flujos migratorios hacia ambos países responden a una cuestión de la demanda del mercado laboral y (</span><span style="font-family: SimonciniGaramond; color: #231f20; font-size: 6.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: SimonciniGaramond; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">II</span><span style="font-family: SimonciniGaramond; color: #231f20; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: SimonciniGaramond; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">) si ha tenido implicaciones en la estructura de los hogares de estos migrantes. Los resultados sugieren que las características del mercado laboral del país de destino podrían estar detrás de la composición de género de los flujos migratorios hacia España y Estados Unidos. En relación con los hogares, la presencia de las mujeres en hogares complejos y sin núcleo es mayor en aquellos colectivos más feminizados. Estas diferencias se mantienen cuando se introducen variables de control como la edad, los años de residencia y el nivel educativo de los/las inmigrantes.</span></span>