El TLCAN y la viabilidad de la producción de frijol en una zona de alta migración en Zacatecas: el caso de la Colonia González Ortega

Resumen

The commercial opening represents for Mexico and in particular for the agricultural sector a paradigm change and new challenges for the rural development. The new development strategy adopted by Mexico since the early eighties promotes the opening of the frontiers and the deregulation of the agriculture, aspects that are necessary to evaluate. This work determines the viability of producing bean storm on the Colonia Gonzalez Ortega, Zacatecas under an open economy. A total commercial opening among Mexico, Canada and United States will be able at the beginning of 2008. Spite of beans is a basic and strategic product for Mexican inhabitants this product was included in the NAFTA negotiations. Given the extensive characteristics of production of the storm bean in Zacatecas and the Colonia Gonzalez Ortega in particular, it is assuming that the new economic circumstances of regional integration and of commercial opening will make worse the productive situation of the region and therefore, the progressive abandonment of the activity for the producers. The use of the Analysis Discriminante allowed to distinguish the variables that contribute on the differentiation of the production systems. Based on the net income it was possible to distinguish three categories of producers, those that do not make money, those that are in a situation of simple reproduction (sensitive to modifications of the variables) and those that are in a good economic situation. It was determined that the removethe overgrowth, the use of fertilizers and equipment depreciation were variables that allowed the differentiation among strata. Given the production characteristics, the type of producers in the region and their problems, as well as the asymmetries of Mexico with regard to United States and Canada in terms of agricultural competitiveness, exist irrefutable evidences that make vulnerable the viability of the bean cultivation in the zone. It was proposed considerations from empiric experience and theoretical support that can articulate public policies for the stability social of this system product.