Consumo de bebidas azucaradas y sus efectos en la salud

Resumen

The primary function of sugar is to provide the energy that the body needs for the proper functioning of its various organs. However, it is important to regulate sugar intake, as excessive consumption can have negative health consequences. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends consuming less than 25 grams of sugar per day. Nevertheless, most of the Mexican population significantly exceeds this recommendation. Sugar-sweetened beverages represent a major source of added sugars in our diet. For this reason, their health effects have been the subject of increasing research in recent years. These studies have shown that excessive consumption of such beverages is associated with various diseases and pathological conditions, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. Effects on specific organ systems have also been documented, including impacts on reproductive, bone, and mental health, among others. This review describes some of these effects, although several remain under debate, particularly regarding the biological mechanisms involved in the observed associations. In any case, it is advisable for the population to avoid or reduce their consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. Regular physical activity is also encouraged as a preventive measure to reduce the risk of disease and to promote overall health and quality of life. Keywords: Sugary beverages; fructose; health effects; obesity; systemic hypertension.