Proceso de toma de decisiones de la política exterior y seguridad común de la Unión Europea: análisis de la ausencia de una respuesta unificada frente a la crisis de migración actual

Resumen

Since 2011, the European Union has been suffering an unprecedented wave of immigration that has cast doubt on the ability of organization to provide a unified response. According to the Eurostat (2016), during 2015 more than 1.2 millions first time asylum seekers applications were registered in the EU. In 2016, for every 88 individuals that arrive to the EU through the Mediterranean sea, one of them dies in the way, which means that this is the largest migratory flow since the genocide that took place in Rwanda in 1994 (ACNUR, 2016). Throughout this study, the constructivist theory will be used in order to understand the lack of a unified response. The research will also apply a specific methodological approach developed by A. Mintz and K. DeRouen Jr. which outlines three stages of foreign policy development. This study aims to demonstrate how the conflict between national and regional identity within the CFSP (Common Foreign and Security Policy of the European Union) negotiations becomes the basis for the emergence of two contradictory approaches; one that sees the migratory situation as an internal security crisis, whereas the other characterizes it as a humanitarian crisis. This conflict is the main cause for the absence of a unified response by the European Union to this crisis and has called into question the identity and character of the European Union.