UNA APROXIMACIóN A LAS CONCEPCIONES DE SALUD MENTAL EN PROFESIONALES DE LA SALUD EN LA CIUDAD DE SAN LUIS

Resumen

El trabajo se enmarca en una investigacion que indaga las concepciones de salud mental que subyacen a la practica profesional en las tareas de evaluacion y diagnostico, modos de abordaje e intervencion y determinacion de criterios e indicadores de salud y enfermedad. Diferentes enfoques de salud/enfermedad -biomedico, comportamental y socioeconomico- reflejan determinadas caracteristicas socioeconomicas y politicas de la epoca, expresan una consideracion de lo sano o enfermo y configuran diversas concepciones de salud mental. La muestra intencional esta conformada por profesionales que se desempenan en Hospitales publicos: medicos clinicos, psiquiatras, psicologos, enfermeros, trabajadores sociales. La entrevista semiestructurada indago: demandas de atencion mas frecuentes, criterios de evaluacion y diagnostico, tipos de intervenciones y abordaje, consideraciones de elementos intervinientes en la enfermedad y/o padecimientos. Se observo que la demanda mas frecuente de atencion en adultos refieren a padecimientos mentales por violencia, intentos de suicidio, ingesta de sustancias psicoactivas, trastornos de ansiedad y situaciones de conflictos vinculares. En la ninez predomino la consulta por problemas de conducta y aprendizaje. Se concluye provisoriamente que la concepcion de salud mental predominante en los profesionales responde a un enfoque socioeconomico, una nocion de salud determinada por las problematicas sociales, economicas y culturales de la sociedad actual. Palabras clave Salud mental, Concepciones de salud, Profesionales de la salud ABSTRACT A FIRST APPROACH TO MENTAL HEALTH CONCEPTIONS IN HEALTH PROFESSIONALS IN THE CITY OF SAN LUIS. The present paper is part of a larger research about underlying mental health conceptions in professional practices such as assessment and diagnosis, different interventional approaches, definition of health and illness indicators. Biomedical, behavioral and socioeconomic approaches of health and illness reflect specific socioeconomic and political characteristic of a historical time, as well as it express a particular consideration of what is consider healthy or sick and lead to different conceptions of mental health. Professional in public hospitals, such as clinical physicians, psychiatrics, psychologist, nurses and social workers, forms the intentional sample. A semi-structure interview was designed to inquire about frequently demands attention, assessment criteria and diagnosis, types of interventions, addressing modes and considerations about the elements involves in health or disease. Preliminary analysis showed that the most frequent attention demand in adulthood is related to mental disorders such as violence, suicide attempts, alcohol intake and other drugs, anxiety disorders or reactive to family conflictive situations. The attention demands more frequent in infancy are associated with behavioral disorders and learning problems. We conclude provisionally that the predominant mental health conception in health and mental health professional (psychologist and psychiatrist) responds to a particular notion of health determined by social, economic and cultural problematics crossing the actual Argentinian society. Key words Mental health, Health conceptions, Health Professionals